A Advertising Campaign for Boutique Gelato

A Advertising Campaign for Boutique Gelato Introduction Prior to venturing into a certain market, it is vital for a company to formulate an effective strategy. The strategy would help in addressing some of the difficulties that the company would face. Anticipating these problems would improve the stability of the company or product. In addition, the strategy would help in the coordination of various activities that strive to improve the competitiveness of the company or product.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on A Advertising Campaign for Boutique Gelato specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All activities should help in reinforcing the objectives of the company or product. Dairy Farmers intends to venture into the boutique take-home gelato market. This market is experiencing tremendous growth. Therefore, successful venture into this market would guarantee the future growth and profitability of Dairy Farmers. Background Dairy Farmers is one of the major Australian companies that engage in the manufacture of dairy products. The company has been operational since 1900. During its formation, the company had 65 members. The farmers wished to join their efforts to help market their produce to city dwellers. Since then, the company has grown gradually to become one of the most trusted brands in the Australian market. The company supplies various products to local and international markets. Throughout its history, Dairy Farmers has undertaken various acquisitions to improve its competitiveness. Dairy Farmers currently has 11 processing facilities. To ensure that it maintains its growth, it is vital for the company to undertake various strategic decisions that would help in improving its competitiveness. Dairy Farmers has various brands that are popular among its customers. The company produces various brands of cheese and milk. Increased health awareness threatens to reduce to reduce the demand of various indulgence products. However, the demand for these products is still very high. Increased snacking is due to the increase in the number of time-poor consumers. These consumers strive to balance their lives with healthy eating habits. Therefore, it is vital for companies to formulate innovative products that would enable them to capture this market segment. Ice cream is one of the major indulgence products whose demand is increasing steadily. The boutique-take home ice cream market is one of the fastest growing sectors in this market. Companies usually target high-income adult consumers. This market segment is less sensitive to changes in the price of the product.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This market segment values the quality and taste of the product. In addition, the comparatively low price of boutique take-home ice cream makes it affordable even during times of economic hardships. Therefore, it is vital for Dairy Farmers to venture into this market. Successful venture into this market would have great financial benefits to the company. Dairy Farmers intends to venture into this market using ‘Euphori Gelato.’ The company would launch the product in October. This would enable the company to gain a considerable number of customers before summer, which is the high season. Situational Analysis The Australian take-home ice cream market would experience considerable growth in the near future. However, the quest for healthy food may have a negative effect on the growth of this market. Therefore, it is vital for companies to ensure that they incorporate various healthy ingredients into the ice cream. In addition, the quest for healthy foods necessitates companies to formulate various innovative products. Innovation helps in improving the competitiveness of various ice cream brands. Various companies strive to portray their products as natural. These companies do not add a rtificial color or preservatives to their ice cream brands. Most consumers consider preservatives and artificial color as unhealthy ingredients. Various brands are dominant in this market segment. Nestle S.A., Unilever Australia, and Regal Cream Products are some of the major companies in this market segment. Unilever Australia is the major company in the Australian ice cream market. The company has a market share of 34%. Unilever has various brands that are dominant in the take-home, bulk dairy ice cream, ice cream deserts, and the impulse ice cream market. These include Paddle Pop, Blue Ribbon, and Viennetta. The company has various innovative strategies that help in improving the competitiveness of these brands. In addition, Unilever uses multichannel advertising campaigns to improve the competitiveness of these brands. The availability of various ice cream brands of Unilever helps in improving the competitiveness of the company. Major supermarket chains, boutique hotels, and res taurants usually stock these ice cream brands.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on A Advertising Campaign for Boutique Gelato specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, young adults accounts for the largest sales of ice cream. Women are the major consumers of ice cream. Therefore, it is vital for companies to use an advertising strategy that would portray taking ice cream as being fashionable. A unique brand name helps in attracting customers in this market segment. In addition, the packaging of the product may help in attracting customers in this market segment. SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Dairy Farmers has a strong brand name Competitive pricing Natural organic ingredients Wide variety of flavors Increased health awareness would reduce demand It is difficult to launch a new product The market is saturated Opportunities Threats Expanding ice cream market Very hot summers Australian eco nomy is recovering Increase in number of Asians Stiff competition in the market Threats from substitute products Campaign Objectives The main objective of this campaign is to raise awareness about Euphori Gelato from 0 to 30% within three months. In addition, the campaign would strive to increase attitude towards Euphori Gelato from 0 to 20% within three months. Dairy Farmers would use multichannel advertising campaigns to achieve these objectives. The company would use print media, radio, and an official website to market Euphori Gelato. Dairy Farmers would create three posters to market Euphori Gelato. The company would create various competitions on the official brand website to improve customer awareness. The company would create competitions that reward customers who determine the missing ingredient of the brand. In addition, the company would encourage customers to share personal stories about Euphori Gelato on the website. These strategies would help in attracting mo re visitors into the official website of the brand. This would ultimately help in improving brand awareness and appreciation. Dairy Farmers would ensure that various details of the advertising channels help in reinforcing the brand image of the product. Communication Strategy The primary target of the Dairy Farmers’ advertising campaign would be professional women who are between 25 and 45 years old. Asian immigrants living in Sydney and Melbourne would be the secondary target of this advertising campaign. Dairy Farmers would use ‘Escape with Euphori’ as the theme of the advertising campaign of the product. The company would use emotional appeal to market the product. This would help consumers of the product to develop an emotional relationship with the product. Using the emotional appeal to advertise the product would be advantageous to Dairy Farmers. Advertisements that use emotional appeal are more vivid than other types of advertisements. Therefore, it is eas y for customers to remember these advertisements. These advertisements strive to recreate scenes that are relevant to customers.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This helps the customers to create an emotional attachment to the product. Recreating relevant scenes reduces counterarguments and resistance from customers. Therefore, emotional appeals may elicit immediate interest from customers (Tellis, 2004). This increases the effectiveness of this advertising strategy. Dairy Farmers would strive to use emotional appeals to market Euphori Gelato. The company would strive to create an image of freedom and choice in various advertising campaigns. This would help in increasing interest from the target market. This is because people in the target market value their freedom and independence. In addition, the company would strive to ensure that the advertisements portray Euphori Gelato as a high quality product. Therefore, Dairy Farmers would design various advertising campaigns that portray Euphori Gelato as a product that is desirable to classy women. The company would include urban elite women in various advertisements. In addition, the company w ould strive to get endorsements from various celebrity women. This would help in increasing the competitiveness of the product. Creative Strategy Creative strategy helps in determining the right type of advertising that a company should use in an extensive advertising campaign. Creative strategy helps in the formulation of advertisements that are relevant to the theme of the marketing campaign of a certain product. Prior to the development of the creative strategy, it is vital for relevant parties to understand the marketing environment and the consumer learning abilities. Creative strategy helps in identifying suitable methods of satisfying the needs and wants of consumers. Therefore, creativity is very important in the formulation of an effective creative strategy. In addition, companies should avoid having unrealistic imaginations. This is because unrealistic imaginations may repel potential customers (Tyagi Kumar, 2004). A company should use a creative strategy to inform, persu ade, and remind consumers about a product. Therefore, the formulation of a creative strategy requires hard work, an open mind, and curiosity. The creative strategy helps in selling a product by communicating with prospective customers. The creative strategy helps in stimulating interest about the existence of a product. In addition, a creative strategy helps in the development attitudes and behaviors that would improve the sales of a product (Tyagi Kumar, 2004). Most Asian immigrants and professional women who are between 25 and 45 years old value their freedom. These people try to juggle their professional and personal life. Therefore, it is vital for a brand that targets this market segment to include the professional and personal life of these people. This would be the major aim of the advertisements of Dairy Farmers. The details of the Euphori Gelato’s logo, slogan, postcards, website, and radio advertisement would reinforce each other and help in building a strong name. Logo A logo is a visual representation of the core values of a certain brand. The logo helps in communicating the brand and image of a product using unspoken words. A successful logo should capture the brand offering and answer the mental questions that customers may have (Ferrell Hartline, 2010). Euphori Gelato would use a logo that incorporates the rough image of an ice cream. However, the logo would replace the position of the ice cream with a handle that resembles the handle of a picnic bag. This would enable customers of the product associate the product with picnics, which are usually romantic. In addition, the company would use yellow as the color for the logo since it is warm, pleasant, and peaceful. This would help in creating a happy feeling in the customers’ mind. Therefore, color and design of the logo would help customers to create an emotional attachment to the product. Slogan Slogan refers to the spoken image that customers usually associate with a certain br and. A slogan usually emphases various attributes of a product that help in differentiating the product from substitutes (Avraham Ketter, 2012). Therefore, it is vital for a company to design a unique slogan. This would enable the customers to associate the slogan with the product easily. Dairy Farmers used ‘Euphori Gelato’ as the brand name of the boutique take-home ice cream. The unique name would help customers to identify the product easily. Use of the term ‘Euphori’ in the brand name helps customers associate the brand with feelings of happiness. In addition, the company would use the slogan ‘Escape with Euphori.’ This would create an image of freedom in the customers’ minds. This would help customers to develop an emotional attachment to the product. Print Advertisement Dairy Farmers would use print as one of the major advertising channels. One of the major advantages of using print advertisements is that they enable a company to reach the target market of the print media. This may be the primary target market of the company (Hiam, 2009). Dairy Farmers would place several advertisements in lifestyle magazines that target women who are 25 to 25 years old. This would enable the company to reach its target market more effectively. The print advertisements would use various urban elite women who are eating Euphori Gelato. This would enable customers to associate with the product. In addition, the advertisements would include women in exotic or serene environments. This would enable customers to associate the products with freedom, which is the slogan of Euphori Gelato. Therefore, print advertisement would help in reinforcing the image of the product among potential customers. Postcard Dairy Farmers would also use postcard advertising to advertise Euphori Gelato among potential customers. The company would design three postcards. The first post card will try to create an image of freedom. The postcard would inclu de a young woman who is jumping. The postcard would show that consuming Euphori Gelato brings freedom. The second postcard will include the image of a woman in a serene environment enjoying ice cream with her male partner. The third post card would include five women enjoying different flavors of Euphori Gelato. The postcard would include the slogan ‘freedom to choose.’ This would highlight the wide variety of flavors of Euphori Gelato. In addition, it would enable customers associate the product with social events. Website The official website of Euphori Gelato would have five main icons. These include home, about, contact, flavors, and ‘The Euphori Experience.’ ‘Home’ would provide customers with information about the product. In addition, it would provide information about new flavors. ‘About’ would provide a brief history about the product. It would provide customers with information about the development of the product. Ã¢â‚¬Ë œContact’ would enable customers to contact the company or leave comments about the product. ‘Flavors’ would describe the flavors of the product. The company would go to great lengths to explain the deliciousness of various flavors. In ‘The Euphori Experience’ page, the company would strive to create emotional attachment to the product. The company would narrate various emotional stories about Euphori Gelato. In addition, the page would also include various promotional events of the product. Radio Spot Advertisement Dairy Farmers would use radio spot ads in various radio stations to market Euphori Gelato. Radio ads enable customers to listen to the ads and form mental images of the products. Therefore, it is vital for the company to use spoken word effectively to enable customers form a good image of the product. The radio spot advertisement would include a conversation between two young women. The advertisement would highlight various competitive ad vantages of Euphori Gelato. The advertisement would portray Euphori Gelato as a ‘rich, creamy product that contains organic ingredients.’ Media Strategy Media strategy refers to a structured plan of how an organization would use the media to pass advertising messages to customers and potential customers (Hewett, 2009). Media strategy enables a company to achieve its marketing strategy. This is because it outlines how the media would help in the accomplishment of the marketing objectives (Tyagi Kumar, 2004). However, it is vital for the media strategy to ensure that the advertisement gets exposure among the target market. Therefore, media strategy should add value to the brand, provide presence, and create awareness about the brand (Yeshin, 2006). The media strategy helps an organization to determine when and where to advertise. In addition, it enables an organization to determine the media it should use in advertising its products. Dairy Farmers will first use billboar ds to advertise Euphori Gelato. The company would then use newspapers, magazines, internet, and radio to advertise the product. Effective use of the above advertising channels would enable the advertisements to reach the target audience. Dairy Farmers would use billboards to elicit interest about the product. Prior to the official launch of the product, the company would place advertisements on billboards in various popular locations in Sydney and Melbourne. The billboards would include phrases that elicit interest from customers. ‘Freedom is coming’ is one of the phrases that the company would use to elicit interest from potential customers. The billboards would use yellow, which the official color of the product. The advertisements would highlight the competitive advantages of Euphori Gelato. After the official launch of the product, the company would run advertisements on the side of various buses in Melbourne and Sydney. Dairy Farmers would also use newspapers to el icit interest about Euphori Gelato. The advertisements in the newspapers would contain messages that are similar to those in billboards. The company would run a special feature in various newspapers during the official launch of the product. This would help in creating a thrill about the product during its launch. After the official launch of the product, the company would run four full-page advertisements in ‘Mx Newspapers.’ Magazines would be one of the most important advertising channels that Dairy Farmers would use to advertise Euphori Gelato. One of the major benefits of magazines is the fact that they target a specific audience. However, newspapers target all members of the public. This increases the efficiency of magazines in advertising products to a certain group. Therefore, Dairy Farmers would place eight full-page advertisements in various magazines that target Asian immigrants and professional women who are between 25 and 45 years old. This would enable the company to tap into the market of these magazines. In addition, association with these magazines would help in improving the competitiveness of the product. Dairy Farmers would also use postcards to advertise Euphori Gelato. The company would put postcards in various newspapers and magazines. Radio would be the principle means of advertisement of Euphori Gelato. This is because radio has a wider reach than all other advertising channels. Most people listen to radio in their cars, homes, or places of work. Therefore, this advertisement channel would enable the company to reach a large number of people. However, it is vital for the company to place advertisements in the right stations. Dairy Farmers would place advertisements about Euphori Gelato in 100.3 FM and 105.6 FM. These are the most popular radio stations in Melbourne and Sydney. In addition, the company would ensure that the stations air the advertisements during shows that are popular with Asian immigrants or professional wo men who are between 25 and 45 years old. Euphori Gelato’s website would also help in advertising the product. ‘The Euphori Experience’ would use emotional appeal to advertise the product. The page would provide personal stories about various people to elicit interest about the product. Dairy Farmers would also advertise the product in various popular websites. The websites would provide a link that would take people to the product’s official website. This would increase the number of people who visit the website. This would ultimately increase customers of the product. Alternative Media Dairy farmers would also use social media to advertise the product. The company would use a Facebook fan page and Twitter handle to advertise the product. The ability of the company to interact with customers using social media is one of the major advantages of this channel. Conclusion The main objective of this advertising campaign is to increase brand awareness from 0 to 30% within three months. In addition, the advertising campaign strives to increase brand attitude from 0 to 20% within three months. To achieve this, it is vital for the company to use the right message in various advertisements. The company would strive to create an emotional appeal to attract the target market. Using the right advertising channels would enable the company to reach the target market. Dairy Farmers would use magazines, newspapers, billboards, radio, and the internet to advertise the product. The media strategy of the company would enable it to achieve the marketing strategy. The media strategy would enable the company to attract and maintain customers. This would guarantee the future growth and profitability of the company. Reflection The pitch project enabled our group to create a marketing campaign for Euphori Gelato. The project enabled us to apply various theories. The application of the theories enabled us to determine some of the problems that managers face in implementing various theories. The complex nature of the real world of management makes it difficult for managers to apply various theories efficiently. The pitch project enabled us to appreciate the fact that efficient implementation of various theories requires people to undertake extensive research. However, this does not guarantee the successful implementation of the theory. The pitch project also enabled us to apply group dynamics. Teams undertake most functions of any modern organization. Therefore, it is vital for people to know how to work in groups. The pitch project enabled us to determine our individual strengths and weaknesses that may facilitate or hinder the efficiency of a group. This may be vital to our future productivity in the real business world. The pitch project enabled us to determine the importance of working as a team. The group provided us with different views that helped in enriching the quality of the project. In addition, the group enabled the members t o focus on areas of their choice. This helped in making the pitch project an enjoyable experience. Teamwork was vital in designing advertisements in various channels. However, the pitch project enabled us to experience some of the shortcomings of teamwork first hand. In some instances, we were unable to agree on the most suitable content. This is because individual members of the group had their own views on various issues. This increased the time that the group took to achieve its objective. References Avraham, E. Ketter, E. (2012). Media strategies for marketing places in crisis. London: Routledge. Ferrell, O.C. Hartline, M.D. (2010). Marketing strategy. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Hewett, G. (2009). FCS: Advertising promotions. Cape Town: Pearson South Africa. Hiam, A. (2009). Marketing kit for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Tellis, G.J. (2004). Effective advertising: Understanding when, how, and why advertising works. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publishers. Tyagi, C.L. Kumar, A. (2004). Advertising management. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers Distributors. Yeshin, T. (2006). Advertising. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Appendix Table 1: Estimated budget Expenditure Budget Marketing Communication Research: Pre testing $80,000 Post Testing $80,000 Media buying $100,000 Creative productions: 4 postcards ($10,000 for each design) $40,000 Radio spot ad $20,000 Internet (internet advertising and social media) $11,250 Agency fees $8,000 Total $339,250 Table 2: Media plan Media Description October November December Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Cost Cost Cost Billboards 10 color ads on busses $50,000 10 color ads on billboards in Sydney and Melbourne $50,000 Magazines 10 full-page ads in ‘Cleo’ and ‘Donna Hay’ $10,000 $20,000 Newspaper 4 full-page ads in ‘Mx Newspaper’ $20,000 Radio spots Radio spot adv ertisement in FM 100.3 $20,000 Radio spot advertisement in FM 105.6 $20,000 Internet Online advertisements $2,000 $4,000 $4,000 Facebook and Twitter $250 $500 $500 Total per month $82,250 $94,500 $24,500 Grand total $201,250 Figure 1: Logo Radio spot advertisement script Girl 1: Hi, what is that ice cream you are eating? Girl 2: This is the new ‘Euphori Gelato’ ice cream. Girl 1: It looks so delicious. Does it taste as good as it looks? Girl 2: It tastes even better. You can have a taste. Girl 1: Wow! I have never tasted such delicious ice cream. Girl 2: The best thing about the ice cream is that it is made from organic ingredients. Girl 1: Really. I love organic foods. How many flavors does it have? Girl 2: Peppermint, chocolate, and vannila. Girl 1: I will definitely start buying Euphori Gelato ice cream. Note: Advertisement figures are estimates as seen from: 4webmarketing.biz/images/theaustralianadrates.pdf

Marshal Michel Ney - Napoleonic Wars Biography

Marshal Michel Ney - Napoleonic Wars Biography Michel Ney - Early Life: Born in Saarlouis, France on January 10, 1769, Michel Ney was the son of master barrel cooper Pierre Ney and his wife Margarethe. Due to Saarlouis location in Lorraine, Ney was raised bilingual and was fluent in both French and German. Coming of age, he received his education at the Collà ¨ge des Augustins and became a notary in his hometown. After a brief stint as an overseer of mines, he ended his career as a civil servant and enlisted in the Colonel-General Hussar Regiment in 1787. Proving himself a gifted soldier, Ney swiftly moved through the non-commissioned ranks. Michel Ney - Wars of the French Revolution: With the beginning of the French Revolution, Neys regiment was assigned to the Army of the North. In September 1792, he was present at the French victory at Valmy and was commissioned as an officer the next month. The following year he served at the Battle of Neerwinden and was wounded at the siege of Mainz. Transferring to the Sambre-et-Meuse in June 1794, Neys talents were quickly recognized and he continued to advance in rank, reaching gà ©nà ©ral de brigade in August 1796. With this promotion came command of the French cavalry on the German front. In April 1797, Ney led the cavalry at the Battle of Neuwied. Charging a body of Austrian lancers that were attempting to seize French artillery, Neys men found themselves counterattacked by enemy cavalry. In the fighting that ensued, Ney was unhorsed and taken prisoner. He remained a prisoner of war for a month until being exchanged in May. Returning to active service, Ney participated in the capture of Mannheim later that year. Two years later he was promoted to gà ©neral de division in March 1799. Commanding the cavalry in Switzerland and along the Danube, Ney was wounded in the wrist and thigh at Winterthur. Recovering from his wounds, he joined General Jean Moreaus Army of the Rhine and took part in the victory at the Battle of Hohenlinden on December 3, 1800. In 1802, he was assigned to command French troops in Switzerland and oversaw French diplomacy in the region. On August 5 of that year, Ney returned to France to marry Aglaà © Louise Auguià ©. The couple would be married for the remainder of Neys life and would have four sons. Michel Ney - Napoleonic Wars: With the rise of Napoleon, Neys career accelerated as he was appointed one of the first eighteen Marshals of the Empire on May 19, 1804. Assuming command of the VI Corps of the La Grand Armà ©e the following year, Ney defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Elchingen that October. Pressing into the Tyrol, he captured Innsbruck a month later. During the 1806 campaign, Neys VI Corps took part in the Battle of Jena on October 14, and then moved to occupy Erfurt and capture Magdeburg. As winter set in, the fighting continued and Ney played a key role in rescuing the French army at the Battle of Eylau on February 8, 1807. Pressing on, Ney participated in the Battle of Gà ¼ttstadt and commanded the right wing of the army during Napoleons decisive triumph against the Russians at Friedland on June 14. For his exemplary service, Napoleon created him Duke of Elchingen on June 6, 1808. Shortly thereafter, Ney and his corps were dispatched to Spain. After two years on the Iberian Peninsula, he was ordered to aid in the invasion of Portugal. After capturing Ciudad Rodrigo and Coa, he was defeated at the Battle of Buà §aco. Working with Marshal Andrà © Massà ©na, Ney and the French flanked the British position and continued their advance until they were turned back at the Lines of Torres Vedras. Unable to penetrate the allied defenses, Massà ©na ordered a retreat. During the withdrawal, Ney was removed from command for insubordination. Returning to France, Ney was given command of the III Corps of the La Grand Armà ©e for the 1812 invasion of Russia. In August of that year, he was wounded in the neck leading his men at the Battle of Smolensk. As the French drove further into Russia, Ney commanded his men in the central section of the French lines at the Battle of Borodino on September 7, 1812. With the collapse of the invasion later that year, Ney was assigned to command the French rearguard as Napoleon retreated back to France. Cut off from the main body of the army, Neys men were able to fight their way through and rejoin their comrades. For this action he was dubbed the bravest of the brave by Napoleon. After taking part in the Battle of Berezina, Ney helped hold the bridge at Kovno and reputedly was the last French soldier to leave Russian soil. In reward for his service in Russia, he was given the title Prince of the Moskowa on March 25, 1813. As the War of the Sixth Coalition raged, Ney took part in the victories at Là ¼tzen and Bautzen. That fall he was present when French troops were defeated at the Battles of Dennewitz and Leipzig. With the French Empire collapsing, Ney aided in defending France through early 1814, but became the spokesman for the Marshals revolt in April and encouraged Napoleon to abdicate. With the defeat of Napoleon and restoration of Louis XVIII, Ney was promoted and made a peer for his role in the revolt. Michel Ney - The Hundred Days Death: Neys loyalty to the new regime was quickly tested in 1815, with Napoleons return to France from Elba. Swearing allegiance to the king, he began assembling forces to counter Napoleon and pledged to bring the former emperor back to Paris in an iron cage. Aware of Neys plans, Napoleon sent him a letter encouraging him to rejoin his old commander. This Ney did on March 18, when he joined Napoleon at Auxerre Three months later, Ney was made the commander of the left wing of the new Army of the North. In this role, he defeated the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Quatre Bras on June 16, 1815. Two days later, Ney played a key role at the Battle of Waterloo. His most famous order during the decisive battle was to send forward the French cavalry against the allied lines. Surging forward, they were unable to break the squares formed by the British infantry and were forced to retreat. Following the defeat at Waterloo, Ney was hunted down arrested. Taken into custody on August 3, he was tried for treason that December by the Chamber of Peers. Found guilty, he was executed by firing squad near the Luxembourg Garden on December 7, 1815. During his execution, Ney refused to wear a blindfold and insisted upon giving the order to fire himself. His final words were reportedly: Soldiers, when I give the command to fire, fire straight at my heart. Wait for the order. It will be my last to you. I protest against my condemnation. I have fought a hundred battles for France, and not one against her... Soldiers Fire!† Selected Sources Napoleonic Guide: Marshal Michel NeyNNDB: Marshal Michel NeyTrial of Marshal Ney

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English - Essay Example Dave Eggers’ non-fiction Zeitoun and Mark Sundeen’s The Man Who Quit Money narrate two modern heroes and their tribulations. Zeitoun and Suelo fit Campbell’s thesis about the role of the hero-figure in mythologies as they left their original societies to answer calls to adventures, and to later engage with a road of trials, and the refusal to return, but they are also different from mythical heroes because they never returned to their original societies, but remained free and happy in their new lives, where their communities are better off because of their contributions to it. The first phase of Campbell’s thesis consists of the departure from the original communities, which Zeitoun and Suelo did. Zeitoun departed from Syria to find his luck in America. They lived a life of poverty in Syria, although their large family eventually became successful through the accomplishments of individual family and clan members. Zeitoun is proud that he has a family of do ctors, generals, teachers, and many other professions (Eggers 12). The sea bonded all of them together as a family too. Suelo also left his community, but not in the real sense. What he leaves behind is the capitalist system that disgusted him because of its production of poverty and social inequality. This means that Suelo’s departure is more moral and spiritual than physical in nature when compared to Zeitoun’s departure. Zeitoun physically left Syria, while Suelo is still in America. These modern heroes responded to the call of adventure, though they refused the call for some time. Zeitoun did not immediately go to the U.S., while Suelo studied college and managed to live in a capitalist world for some time. Campbell talks about supernatural aid, which did not happen for Zeitoun and Suelo. Instead, environmental changes and personal motives inspired them to leave. When they crossed the first threshold, they proverbially passed the belly of the whale. For Zeitoun, th e belly of the whale is his first few months in America, in a land where he knows little English and only has his character and faith to help him survive. Suelo transitioned from capitalism to non-capitalism, when he quitted money (Sundeen 1). By leaving his remaining $30 in a phone booth, he has begun his journey. Hence, using Campbell’s first phase, it seems that the journey of these modern heroes followed the first part of the first stage and the rest are more proverbial than physically experienced. Campbell’s second phase consisted of the initiation and the trials, which Zeitoun and Suelo experienced. When they first entered the belly of the whale, these heroes realized that they can do it. They can survive in their new worlds, however difficult it may be. Nonetheless, like mythological heroes, they had their share of trials. Zeitoun had to establish his business and met some obstacles because of his rainbow logo. The logo attracted homosexual customers, while upse tting conservative ones. He and Kathy decided to keep the rainbow because in Islam, rainbows mean hope and faith (Eggers 12). Their greatest hurdle is Hurricane Katrina. It destroyed their business and properties. Kathy and her kids already evacuated but Zeitoun insisted on being left behind. During this time, he used his canoe and helped neighbors and animals trapped in their houses. He could have been easily killed by the disaster, but his resolve to help others allowed him continue

The Servant as a Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Servant as a Leader - Essay Example According to the report there are various leadership types apart from the servant leadership approach. Firstly, there are transformational leaders. Blanken says the famous transformational leaders are Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, who made a business framework that allowed members of their client community to become stockholders. Blanken says transformative leaders want the organization to change even when its members are not comfortable with the idea.From this essay it is clear that the recommended leadership style is servant leadership. Blanken names Herb Kelleher as the one person who embodied servant leadership. Kelleher instilled a culture in Southwest Airlines company that reflected the belief that the business of business is people. Servant leaders, as Blanken says, put service to others before themselves. They involve members of their organization in the decision-making process. Moreover, servant leaders have the will to let the credit for a job well-done be put to their te am members. Smith notes that servant leadership starts when a leader takes the place of a servant while engaging with their organization members. Leadership that is authentic and legitimate does not come from the exercise of power or self-serving deeds. However, true leadership emanates from the desire to assist others first. Smith mentions that the basic urge and purpose of a servant leader is first to motivate the greatness in others, with team success the outcome of it.

The Percentage by Mass of Calcium Carbonate in Eggshells Essay Example for Free

The Percentage by Mass of Calcium Carbonate in Eggshells Essay The purpose of this experiment is to determine the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshells. Introduction To avoid the breakage of eggs before reaching market, the eggshells needs to be as strong as possible. The strength of eggshells is mainly determined by the percentage of calcium carbonate in it. In order to monitor the quality of eggshells, the following experiment has to be done to determine the percentage of calcium carbonate in eggshells. In this experiment, back titration is used. First, excess acid is reacted with the calcium carbonate in eggshells: 2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)+ CO2(g) Later, if we can find out the number of mole of unreacted acid, number of mole of calcium carbonate can then be found out. The number of mole of unreacted acid can be found by titration with the following reaction: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) Percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshell can then be calculated by the following formula: % by mass of CaCO3 = Requirements eggshell burette, 50 cm3, and stand pipette, 25 cm3 pipette filler methyl orange indicator M NaOH solution, standardized 1 M hydrochloric acid, standardized ethanol wash-bottle with de-ionized water mortar and pestle forceps safety spectacles 2 beakers, 100 cm3 volumetric flask, 250 cm3 filter funnel, small magnetic stirrer pH meter electronic balance Procedures 1. The attached membrane of the eggshell was removed carefully by forceps and the remaining eggshell was ground into a fine po wder with mortar and pestle. 2. 2 g of powder was weighed accurately by the difference on an electronic balance and put into a beaker on a magnetic stirrer.

CIS Snapshot :: essays research papers

..::CIS Snapshot::.. When I think of CIS one thing always comes to mind. My first day. No, not my first day this year. The day I’m referring to was the first time I ever came to CIS last year. Near completion of the Danish â€Å"Folke Skole† you have to choose and apply to various â€Å"Gymnasiums† much like applying for university after high school in the states. One of the schools I wanted to attend was CIS. I asked my supervisor if she couldn’t arrange a day where I could go to CIS and see what the IB programme was all about. She said she would try and the next day I got a letter from her telling me the date and time when I would have to go to CIS. When I first arrived at CIS, I was a little overwhelmed at the size. It isn’t a very big school but its layout was a little difficult and I had a hard time finding my way around until I finally ask a student where a Mrs. Richardson was. He, of course, didn’t know. After about 10 minutes of wandering around the halls I finally find the office and they tell me her office was downstairs. I find her at last and she seemed confused why I was there. Apparently she thought I wasn’t due until the week after. I was beginning to have some doubts about the organisational skills of the school. She looks around the halls and pulls the first student she can find to the side and asks if she doesn’t mind showing me around. She nods and tells me to follow her quickly as she was late for class. So my first class at CIS was art. I thought this was going to be fun as I always liked art but after the first mind numbing hour I realised that this wasn’t cut out for me. Th e class itself was fine and the teacher was a fun guy but I had nothing to do other than just watch the other students make their brilliant masterpieces of art. There was one high point and that was when the art teacher told the class that he read an article about a homicidal doctor who would stick ice picks up people’s noses. Fun. After two hours we were finally allowed to go. â€Å"Now what† I thought. Well apparently nothing.

Most Memorable Meal Essay

A Memorbal dinning moment in my life was when i tried sushi with some of my co-workers after work The enjoyment of Sushi is not for the timid among . In addition to having a adventurous spirit, those that go to Sushi restaurants must be open minded about other cultures and traditions. However, for someone who is trying Sushi for the first time, a favorable first impression may not be a good indication of how the experience as a whole will turn out. As we walked into the Sushi restaurant at the Prudenital I took a look at the surroundings. The first thing I noticed was the smell. It smelled like a regular seafood restaurant with the smell of cooking fish in the air. This surprised me as I was expecting a more raw fish smell. The decor was traditional Japanese, from the symbols on the walls to the chopsticks on the tables.. So far everything was progressing nicely and I had no reason to believe that this meal would be anything other than enjoyable. After being seated at a booth by the window, The waiter asked us what we wanted to order. I looked at the menu but I still had no idea of what Sushi really was. There seemed to be every imaginable kind of seafood available. I didn’t even consider that not only fish, but crab and octopus and squid could be considered Sushi as well. So I asked the waiter what I should order if I just wanted some ‘traditional’ Sushi. He seemed to not understand me and walked off after a minute of meaningless banter. The girl who had seated us walked ove I explained that I had never had Sushi before and that I wanted to try something traditional and ‘Sushi like’. She asked if I would be willing to try anything raw and I responded â€Å"Sure†. The Sushi platter arrived shortly and for the first time I laid my eyes upon this unique type of food. It looked like an artistic creation. Greens, reds, blacks, yellows, all the colors of the rainbow right before my eyes. In addition to the colors, the orderliness of it was remarkable. Not a piece of rice was out of place . Even the Wasabi was in a nice little mound off to the side. I then began eating, starting at the bottom of the plate and working my way up. Up until this point I was enjoying myself. But as I looked at that first piece of raw slimy fish I couldn’t help the thought of putting that into my mouth without first rolling it in some cornmeal and  frying it up on the stove. But I am not easily discouraged, so I put the entire fish in my mouth, chewed several times, and swallowed. It tasted horrible! Immediately I felt my stomach rumble and i tried to spew he fish back onto my plate. Only through a test of willpower was I able to keep it down long enough to drink some of my Pepsi. I then worked my way through the tuna, snapper, eel, fish eggs, and the rest, each with similar results. My drink was refilled four times before the meal was finally over. In the end I asked for the check and left the restaurant as quickly as I could. All though I didnt enjoy the meal its self its a memorable moment for me because i tried something forgien to me After I was able to take a few deep breaths and begin relaxing again, I left from that unpleasant event and tried to put it all into perspective. What started out as a night out with some coworkers and simple curiosity to try something new had turned into an incident that I would look back upon with disgust. But I also realized that Sushi is not just a type of food, it is a tradition and culture. And while I may not find the taste appealing I do have respect for those who are willing to include another’s customs within their own way of life.

Intro to Jazz Study Guide

What shaped American Music? * People: conglomeration of cultures. The Elements of Popular Music * Harmonic Progression * Chords that are changing in harmony * Call and Respond * A musical phrase in which the first and often solo part is answered by a second and often ensemble part * Rhythm Four Basic Qualities of Musical Sound * Duration: how long or short * Intensity: how loud or soft * Pitch: how fast or slow the sound vibrates; how high or low * Timbre: distinctive â€Å"color† of the sound; ex. Sax vs.Violin The combination of these four musical elements are what help to organize the music. Duration -> Rhythm (mixture or long and short notes) Intensity -> Dynamics (pp p mp mf f ff) Pitch -> Melody and Harmony * Melody is one note at a time * Harmony is chords where you have notes stacked up together; notes sounding simultaneously Timbre becomes Instrumentation * Tessitura: how an instrument sounds in different ranges Previous Exam Question Rhythm Section – developed in America and set the foundation of today’s music 1. Chord Instrument 2.Bass Instrument 3. Percussion Instrument Texture – How the music is â€Å"interwoven† * Classical and Jazz: counterpoint * Rock Styles: homophonic Counterpoint vs. Homophonic * Counterpoint: a contrapuntal texture, 2-3 or more melodies work together to create the rhythmic energy in piece. * Homophonic: where the bass line coincides with chords (provides roots) Terms to Know Tempo: speed of the beat (think of a metronome) Surface Rhythms: faster rhythms that are emphasized over the basic tempo Measure: a group of beats delineated barlines which separate measures.Meter/Time Signature: how many beats within a bar (3/4, 4/4) The Basic Rhythms * Quarter-notes * Eighth-notes * Triplets * Sixteenth-notes Evolution of rhythm in Twentieth-Century Pop Music 1920’s – Foxtrot, two-beat (half-notes) 1930-40’s – Swing, four-beat (quarter-notes) 1950-60’s – Rock n’ Roll (eighth-notes) 1970-80’s – Latin-Rhythms in pop music and disco (sixteenth-notes) 1990’s – Techno (thirty-second notes) Backbeat- something is struck on beats TWO and FOUR * found commonly in almost all American popular music Melody * The horizontal organization of pitches Involving Shape and Rhythem * Riff based melodies * Repetition or Development Scale * the â€Å"normal† scale – technically known as Major Scale * Octave 1-8 * â€Å"Key† * major and minor * Seven chords in a key Previous Exam Questions * three most important chords – I IV V * Most common progression in jazz – II V I American Music Heritage Previous Exam Question: * Three Main Sources * The European Heritage (Classical Music) * Anglo-American Folksong (Folk Music) * African Heritage * Western Music * Carefully crafted melodies * High point/low point in line.Careful text setting * Syllabic vs. Melismatic * Syllabic – one syllable o f text for every note. * Melismatic – melody covered several notes for one syllable of text * Harmony – sophisticated hierarchy of chords * Ex: I ii iii IV V vi vii * Form – teleological form/goal-oriented forms/sectionalized * Ex: sonata form, minuet and trio form etc. AABA and ABAB * Westerns favorite forms that had chunks * Notation – music of extreme specificity * Created the orchestra – establishment of ensemble units, orchestration Neumes’ * how high or low the melodies are. Two most common forms in Jazz * AABA * ABAB Anglo-American Folk Song * Lots of repetition with no variation * Little harmonic variety * Verse-chorus form African-American Heritage * Percussion plays continuously with a vocal line sung or spoken over top of the drums * Rhythm and Texture: syncopation, complex rhythmic layering, vocals and non-pitched instruments, smooth continuum between speech and song. * Form: stasis; not goal-oriented, not sectionalized * Harmony : no chord progression, harmonic stasis Call and Repsonse Griot and the Kora African story teller and west African harp Previous Exam Question: * Between 1750 and 1843, over 5,000 theater and circus productions included blackface (mockery of the African-American race and culture) – turned into musical shoes – minstrelsy Stephen Foster * The most famous songwriter of the nineteenth-century American popular music. * Foster composed both minstrel and parlor songs Words to Know Arpeggio – color of an instrument – acoustic principle make it sound different Tempo – speed of the beatMeter – how many counts per measure Riff – short, repeated pattern The Blues * A feeling indicated by the lyrics * A style of various types of inflections: bent notes, rough voice, cracked notes etc. * A form – 12-bar blues * Perpetual noodling/riffs over the blues scale * Blue notes (note not within the major scale * Read/Repeat/Rhyme lyrics * Two types o f blues * Country Blues * Oldest type of blues * Work songs, evening entertainment * Urban Blues * Forms and harmonic pacing are much more fixed than the country blues. Cyclical Form Blues would loop around the circle of I IV V chords Bessie Smith * In the 1920’s massive migration of Afro-American to the north * â€Å"Empress of Blues† * Rough Style * Blues on Stage – vaudeville troupes W. C. Handy – Father of the Blues. First to publish a blues song. – St. Louis Blues – combine fox-trot beat with blues form! Dominate Chords in Jazz * I IV V Lyric/Poetic Form (Read/Repeat/Rhyme) Previous Exam Question * Line 1 (Statement), Line 2 (Repeated), Line 3 (Varied with end-rhyme) Words to Know Pentatonic Scale – doesn’t always have a sharp 4Blues – Form of music. Form relates to lyrics and chord progression. Lyric Form – State, Repeat, Rhyme Country Blues – Free in Form Urban Blues – 12 Bar Blues Ragtime â⠂¬â€œ Syncopation * Piano Rags * Ragtime Songs Marching Music * John Phillip Sousa becomes the greatest conductor and composer of his time for march music. * Woodwinds * Brass * Percussion * Sectionalized form * 16 Bar Strains * The â€Å"C† portion is the â€Å"Trio† and is played in softer dynamics * Two-beat feel – low brass playing beats 1 and 3 * Cymbals on the backbeat. *

Free Essays on The World Grows And So Do Our Problems

The World Grows and So Do Our Problems As the world grows so do our challenges. Not only are our problems growing in number but they are also growing in complexity. There is scarcely a day that goes by when I don't hear about some new problem that will soon threaten us all. While some of these problems such as El Nino, earthquakes, and other natural disasters cannot be stopped there are other challenges such as the spread of racial hatred, rising risk of disease spread, and the growing levels of civil unrest throughout much of the world which threaten many lives everyday. Most of the future's challenges will only be made possible if all people, regardless of race, color, or nationality, attempt to work together for a stronger world. There are many ways in which I believe that I can help society meet this future challenge of coming together as a united world. While I was an exchange student, I saw the world from a different point of view. For the first time, I realized that the people of the world have so many similarities in comparison to the few and insignificant differences. To make the people of the world unite would merely take time in convincing people of the world that we are all in pursuit of the same basic goals. All that it would take to show that this could be done is two different cultures to unite and then the rest of the world what can come by the strength all gain by coming together. I believe that I can help in solving some of the barriers that hold us back from completing the task that we all desire which is unity. I served as a miniature version of a diplomat when I was an exchange student. I helped people in another country see that we all have common goals and I also helped sever the bonds to racial hatred by providing them insight into the American way of thinking and they did likewise for me. I have done everything to help sever these ancient bonds and will continue to... Free Essays on The World Grows And So Do Our Problems Free Essays on The World Grows And So Do Our Problems The World Grows and So Do Our Problems As the world grows so do our challenges. Not only are our problems growing in number but they are also growing in complexity. There is scarcely a day that goes by when I don't hear about some new problem that will soon threaten us all. While some of these problems such as El Nino, earthquakes, and other natural disasters cannot be stopped there are other challenges such as the spread of racial hatred, rising risk of disease spread, and the growing levels of civil unrest throughout much of the world which threaten many lives everyday. Most of the future's challenges will only be made possible if all people, regardless of race, color, or nationality, attempt to work together for a stronger world. There are many ways in which I believe that I can help society meet this future challenge of coming together as a united world. While I was an exchange student, I saw the world from a different point of view. For the first time, I realized that the people of the world have so many similarities in comparison to the few and insignificant differences. To make the people of the world unite would merely take time in convincing people of the world that we are all in pursuit of the same basic goals. All that it would take to show that this could be done is two different cultures to unite and then the rest of the world what can come by the strength all gain by coming together. I believe that I can help in solving some of the barriers that hold us back from completing the task that we all desire which is unity. I served as a miniature version of a diplomat when I was an exchange student. I helped people in another country see that we all have common goals and I also helped sever the bonds to racial hatred by providing them insight into the American way of thinking and they did likewise for me. I have done everything to help sever these ancient bonds and will continue to...

Native American Two-Spirit

Native American Two-Spirit In many Native American communities, the term Two Spirit- sometimes twospirited, depending on the source- is used to refer to indigenous members who fall outside of traditional gender roles. This term is not a substitute for homosexuality; instead, it applies to people who are considered to be a third gender, and typically hold a sacred ceremonial role within their culture. Two Spirit Key Takeaways Two Spirits are Native American or First Nations individuals who identify with both male and female genders.There is some question about the historical context of Two Spirits, because there are hundreds of Native tribes, all of which have their own unique cultural traditions.It is inappropriate for a non-Native individual to use the term Two Spirit to describe themselves. Origins and Definition of the Term Prior to the 1990s, Native people who identified as a third gender were known by the pejorative anthropological term  berdache, which is a non-Native word typically associated with male prostitutes. However, at a Winnipeg conference for gay and lesbian Native Americans in 1990, the term Two Spirit was coined to refer to Natives who define themselves as having both masculine and feminine spirits. Since that time, according to John Leland of the  New York Times, Two-Spirit societies have formed in Montana as well as in Denver, Minnesota, New York State, San Francisco, Seattle, Toronto, Tulsa, and elsewhere, organized around what members assert was once an honored status within nearly every tribe on the continent. Male-bodied Two Spirit people are found in many Native American and First Nations communities. In the past, they fulfilled traditionally male roles, such as fighting in wars and going to historically male activities like sweat lodge ceremonies. However, at the same time, they took on traditionally female tasks as well- cooking, washing, and childcare, for example- and often wore female dress. Author Gabriel Estrada says in Two Spirits,  Ndleeh, and LGBTQ2 Navajo Gaze that while not all indigenous nations have rigid gender roles, among tribes that do, the range includes feminine woman, masculine man, feminine man, and masculine woman. In many Native nations, the Two Spirit person found a role in their community as a shaman, visionary, keeper of oral traditions, matchmaker or marriage counselor, mediator in time of disputes, and caretaker of the vulnerable, such as children, the elderly, or injured warriors. They were often seen as sacred beings, whose dual genders were a gift from the Great Spirit. Historical Accounts We Wha (1849-1896), a Zuni, full length portrait. Photographer  John K. Hillers  /  Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology  / Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons During the colonization of North America, indigenous groups were still maintaining their traditions orally; there was no written history among the tribes. However, there was a fair amount of documentation among European invaders, many of whom kept journals of their travels. In California, Don Pedro Fages led a Spanish expedition into the territory during the late eighteenth century. He wrote in his diary of homosexual practices among the indigenous populations he encountered, describing Indian men who, both here and farther inland, are observed in the dress, clothing, and character of women- there being two or three such in each village. In 1722, a French explorer, Claude-Charles Le Roy, also called Bacqueville de La Potherie, described that among the Iroquois, there was an awareness of a third gender in other tribal groups. He said, Perhaps these male Iroquois are so horrified by [doing] women’s work because they have seen among the nations of the south some men who act like women, and give up men’s clothing for those of women. You see this very rarely among the Iroquois and they condemn this way of life by the light of Reason. It is likely that the group he referred to was the Cherokee Nation. A fur trader named Edwin T. Denig spent two decades with the Crow Nation in the early 1800s, and wrote that men who dressed as women and specialized in womens work were accepted and sometimes honored... Most civilized communities recognize but two genders, the masculine and feminine. But strange to say, these people have a neuter. Denig also wrote of a woman who led men into battle and had four wives. It is likely he was referring to a warrior known as Woman Chief. She was adopted by the Crow at age ten, and by all accounts was a tomboy, and only interested in male pursuits. Her adoptive father, whose sons had all been killed, encouraged her, and when he died, she took over his lodge and led men into battle against the Blackfoot. Details of Woman Chiefs exploits were chronicled by traders and other contemporaries, and it was generally acknowledged that she was a Two Spirit. Although the term Two Spirit itself is relatively new, the concept is not. There are numerous tribal-specific names, traditions, and roles among the different Native nations. The Lakota winkte were viewed as people who were neither male nor female, and whose androgyny was an inborn character trait, or the result of a sacred vision. They often occupied a distinct spiritual role in the community, fulfilling ceremonial duties that could not be performed by individuals who were male or only female. The winkte took on roles as seers, medicine people, healers. During times of battle, the visions of a winkte could guide warriors into their fight, and help determine steps taken by war chiefs. Among the Cheyenne, the HÄ“Ä“ mÄÆ'n Ä•h held a similar position. They accompanied warriors into battle and treated wounds after the fighting had ended, and cured the sick during times of peace. Wewha was a Zuni two-spirited person, or lhamana, who lived in the nineteenth century. She performed historically masculine spiritual and judicial roles, such as guiding religious ceremonies and serving as a mediator in disputes. However, she also spent time on traditionally feminine activities- sewing dresses, making pottery, weaving baskets, and other domestic pursuits. Controversy Over Scholarship There is some controversy in the Native community about Two Spirits- not about their existence, but about the modern notion that Native peoples historically described LGBTQ folks as two-spirited and celebrated them as healers and shamans. Mary Annette Pember, who is a journalist and member of the Ojibwe Nation, says that while Two Spirit is some empowering terminology, it also comes with some questionable scholarship. Pember points out that Native culture is based upon oral tradition, and much of what has been decided by anthropologists is based upon the writings of European conquerers, painting all Native tribes with the same brush. She says: [This] conveniently overlook[s] distinct cultural and language differences that Native peoples hold crucial to their identity... Years of colonization and appropriation by European invaders, as well as the well-intentioned religious hegemony that demonized our spirituality and way of life... has made Indian Country much like the rest of rural America in terms of enlightened treatment of LGBTQ folks. In fact, some tribes  have created laws  specifically banning same-sex marriage. Gender-variant individuals have a hard way to go, in and out of Indian Country. Although not all indigenous tribes viewed Two Spirit people the same way, overall it does appear that they were accepted as a perfectly routine part of the community. In general, each individual was judged for their contributions to the tribe, rather than for conformity to rigid gender roles. Two Spirits Today Jean Decay attends the Two-Spirit Pride Party at the Inaugural Indigenous Peoples Day Celebration. Chelsea Guglielmino / Getty Images Todays Two Spirit community is actively taking both new and traditional spiritual roles in their various nations. Tony Enos, of  Indian Country Today,  points out that Claiming the role of Two Spirit is to take up the spiritual responsibility that the role traditionally had. Walking the red road, being for the people and our children/youth, and being a guiding force in a good way with a good mind are just some of those responsibilities. He adds that service to the elders and youth of the community is an important part of maintaining the old cultural traditions. Modern Two Spirits publicly embrace the mixture of masculine and feminine within them, and there are Two Spirit societies all over North America. Gatherings, including powwows which are open to the public, are held regularly as a way of not only building community, but also of educating non-Natives about the world of the Two Spirit. Todays Two Spirits are taking on the ceremonial roles of those who came before them, working to facilitate spiritual events in their communities. They also work as activists and healers, and have been instrumental in bringing GLBT health issues to the forefront among the hundreds of Native tribes. By bridging the gap between gender roles and indigenous spirituality, todays Two Spirits are continuing the sacred work of their ancestors. Sources Estrada, Gabriel. â€Å"Two Spirits, Ndleeh, and LGBTQ2 Navajo Gaze.†Ã‚  American Indian Culture and Research Journal, vol. 35, no. 4, 2011, pp. 167–190., doi:10.17953/aicr.35.4.x500172017344j30.Leland, John. â€Å"A Spirit of Belonging, Inside and Out.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 8 Oct. 2006, www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/fashion/08SPIRIT.html?_r0.Medicine, Beatrice. â€Å"Directions in Gender Research in American Indian Societies: Two Spirits and Other Categories.†Ã‚  Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, vol. 3, no. 1, 2002, doi:10.9707/2307-0919.1024.Pember, Mary Annette. â€Å"Two Spirit Tradition Far From Ubiquitous Among Tribes.†Ã‚  Rewire.News, Rewire.News, 13 Oct. 2016, rewire.news/article/2016/10/13/two-spirit-tradition-far-ubiquitous-among-tribes/.Smithers, Gregory D. â€Å"Cherokee ‘Two Spirits’: Gender, Ritual, and Spirituality in the Native South.†Ã‚  Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Jo urnal, vol. 12, no. 3, 2014, pp. 626–651., doi:10.1353/eam.2014.0023.

Radio and Newspaper Advertisements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Radio and Newspaper Advertisements - Essay Example During the same period, some 8367.69 pounds on average were used in the same branches. The profit realized after using the two means was 676,727.33 pounds. The lowest profit realized was 30, 6240 pounds while the highest was 1,077,445 pounds. The branch which used the little funds on radio adverts used 3,584 pounds while the highest used 11,162. In news papers, the highest amount spend in a branch was 12,514 pounds while as little as 4,506 pounds was spend by a branch. (as per table 1 above) Radio advertisements alone have a significant contribution towards the profit of the company. An expenditure of 1 pound contributes about 81 pounds of profit. A regression equation can be developed from above; Likewise, taking newspaper adverts alone, the contribution is significant although to the negative side in profit growth. It has a contribution of -10.026 which is significant. The regression equation can be written as below; When radio and newspaper advertisements are combined together, newspaper adverts have no significant contribution at all. Radio advertisements contribute a lot towards the profit. The regression equation is as below, From the above analysis, the expenditures by Body shock ltd in advertisement using both radio and newspapers are the same (figure 4). ... Figure 3 above confirms that, the expenditures on newspaper advertisements were not normally distributed at all and revolved about the means. Table 3: Coefficient for radio standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error (Constant) 61147.729 71793.952 .852 .399 RADIO 81.285 9.225 8.812 .000 Dependent Variable: PROFIT Radio advertisements alone have a significant contribution towards the profit of the company. An expenditure of 1 pound contributes about 81 pounds of profit. A regression equation can be developed from above; P = 61167 + 81.285 R'''''''''''''''''1 Where, P = profit and R = radio expenditure Figure 4 Table 4: Coefficient for news standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error (Constant) 760622.382 125675.457 6.052 .000 NEWS -10.026 14.652 -.684 .497 Dependent Variable: PROFIT Likewise, taking newspaper adverts alone, the contribution is significant although to the negative side in profit growth. It has a contribution of -10.026 which is significant. The regression equation can be written as below; P = 760622 - 10.026 N'''''''''''''''''''.2 Figure 5 Table 5: Coefficients for news standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error (Constant) 64719.715 110993.021 .583 .563 NEWS -.382 8.969 -.043 .966 RADIO 81.236 9.407 8.636 .000 Dependent Variable: PROFIT When radio and newspaper advertisements are combined together, newspaper adverts have no significant contribution at all. Radio advertisements contribute a lot towards the profit. The regression equation is as below, P = 64719.715 - .382 N + 81.236 R'''''''''''''.3 Table 9 in the appendix is developed using equations 1 & 3 above. Discussion From the above analysis, the expenditures by Body shock ltd in advertisement using both radio and newspapers are the same

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cybersecurity - Coursework Example There is the further consideration that while many businesses actively have security measures in place for traditional crimes, the relative ignorance of cyber-crimes has created a more lax environment. Indeed, a recent report by Verizon indicated that close to 90% of cyber-attacks in the last year could have been avoided if the businesses had taken proper preventative precautions. The punishment for committing cybercrime is already significant. In this way one considers that illegally accessing a network can result in between 5 months to 5 years of imprisonment ("Real cost of," 2011). In other instances it seems that cybercrime is not taken as seriously as traditional crime. One considers that Jeffrey Lee Parson created an Internet virus that caused significant damage to countless. However, Parson’s punishment was extremely lenient; in this way he received a sentence that was less than many people receive for a marijuana offense (Mccullagh, 2011). Of course, punishment for cyb ercrime is relative to the specific offense and legal environment. Still, it seems that there may be a degree of leniency involved. Ultimately, it’s clear that the American legal system must increasingly take into account the impact the cybercrime, rather than the fact that it occurs behind a computer desk, when assigning legal punishment. 2. There are a number of ways that compliance would have prevented the attack against Adagia Telecom. The United States government has established a number of compliance measures aimed at preventing or reducing cyber-attacks ("Cybersecurity assurance program," 2012). In this way, Adagia Telecom had relatively lax cybersecurity measures in place. One prominent area that Adagia did not have in place was proper control over automated telecommunications processes. While this factor is generally a major element in oil and gas, and manufacturing industries, it’s clear that it is equally important for Adagia Telecom; the lack of adequate co mpliance in this region greatly contributed to the organization’s cyber vulnerability, as malware was able to infect these automated systems (Heiman 2012). One of the greatest challenges with private industry is an unwillingness to disclose cyber-attacks, as it could impact business strategy. It is important that Adagia have reported the attack to law enforcement. In this way one considers that there must be a culture of disclosure that is established which can act as a deterrent against future criminals. Of course there is always the challenge of locating necessary evidence in such cyber cases, as oftentimes the perpetrators are able to erase the traces of their entrance into the network. 3. There are a number of difficulties policy makers face at the United States national level to get policy that directly targets cybercrime. Similar to much policy implementation, the primary challenge is divergent perspectives between the major political parties. Indeed, the Republican and Democratic parties have already established conflicting approaches to cybersecurity in their current Presidential platforms. Corrin (2012) indicates that there are significant differences in perspective, as the Republicans criticize the Democrats for overly relying on defense capabilities in their approach to cyber security efforts. Another major challenge related to cyber-security is the nation’